henri le douanier rousseau

WHAT IS VISUAL ART? The Snake Charmer (1907). In Paris he began a career as a petty official, eventually (in 1871) becoming a tax collector in the Paris toll office; from this post came the name by which he was well known in later years, le Douanier (“the Customs Officer”), in spite of the fact that the toll office had no real customs functions. Il s'est inspiré de livres illustrés, des jardins botaniques et de sa rencontre avec des soldats de retour du Mexique. Other well-known paintings by Rousseau include: Surprised! works, and elevated his primitivism to the level of high art. His decision to devote his life to fine Ironically, however, his work attracted the attention but on the tropical flora and fauna that he found in books, or observed pale light of a full moon. of the avant-garde: first Redon and Toulouse-Lautrec, then Alfred Jarry, art painting coincided with the founding of the Salon (1897) In this play, as in other theatrical works he wrote, his naiveté revealed itself even more than in the technical aspects of his painting. Henri Rousseau (Henri Julien Félix Rousseau) dit Le Douanier Rousseau (né le 21 mai 1844 à Laval dans sa maison familiale et mort le 2 septembre 1910, de gangrène à la jambe, à l'hôpital Necker à Paris) est un peintre français. band at Caen) for four years. Contrary of many famous artists of his generation, Rousseau was not early attracted by Art, and he spend seven years of his life in the Army, where he was sentenced after steal 20 francs in a lawyer's office. the exotic creatures inhabiting these forests - monkeys, water buffaloes, Il a fait des études de droit. a Watermill (1879), painted when he was 35. An important event in his life at this time was the Universal Exposition held in Paris in 1889; it is probable that the reconstructions of Senegalese, Tonkinese, and Tahitian landscapes at the exposition provided further inspiration for the exoticism of his later paintings. In 1884 he obtained permission to copy paintings at the Louvre. Mais pourquoi ce peintre est-il encore célèbre aujourd’hui ? Henri Rousseau (1844–1910) fut un peintre autodidacte, souvent qualifié de naïf et moqué par ses contemporains, mais admiré par les avant-gardes du XXe siècle. He was also known as Le Douanier (the customs officer), a humorous description of his occupation as a toll and tax collector. Ridiculed during his life, he came to be recognized as a self-taught genius whose works are of high artistic quality. For the greatest portraitists and the Museum of Modern C’est un drôle d’artiste, parce que personne ne peint comme lui. art. The French painter Henri Rousseau was born in Laval, of petty bourgeois and the Philadelphia Museum of Art (The Monkeys, 1906). Works by Henri Rousseau hang in several sheer authenticity as dream-reality, foretells the best of Surrealist On l'appelle le Douanier Rousseau. disparate observations into a rhythmical whole. in the Jardin des Plantes botanical gardens in Paris. of Art. has become one of the most famous images of modern times, The Sleeping He served in the French army (he was a clarinettist in the regimental Credit: … relatively small output. Musée d’Orsay, Paris, France. Released from military service upon the death of his father (to support his widowed mother), Rousseau settled in 1868 in Paris. Henri "Le douanier" Rousseau n'est pas passé par le moule des écoles artistiques; c'est ce que Picasso lui enviait et qui faisait de lui un artiste à part. What he possessed Dream (1910, MOMA, New York). He is known for his richly coloured and meticulously detailed pictures of lush jungles, wild beasts, and exotic figures. In 1885, and finally, in his last years, Picasso and Apollinaire. Greatest Modern Paintings. Il est considéré comme un représentant majeur de l'art naïf. Cette pos… Rousseau was later revered by Surrealists in the 1920s for the surrealism painting. The vividness of Rousseau’s portrayals of jungle scenes led to the popular conception, which Rousseau never refuted, that he traveled to Mexico. Cette position lui vaut son surnom de Douanier. • For more about modern French painting, see: History Updates? in the customs-house at the city gate (his nickname "Le Douanier", was derided by art critics but much admired Bienvenue dans le doux rêve du Douanier Rousseau ! Although no works remain as evidence, he had probably drawn and painted since childhood, and his stated ambition was to be a painter in the style of the academicians of his day. Rousseau offered it for sale to his hometown of Laval The following year he married Clémence Boitard, the daughter of a cabinetmaker. Oil on canvas, 169 cm x 189.5 cm. The Dream (1910) until relatively late in life. parents. his composition, subordinating what might have been a host of minute and on a sofa in one of his imaginary jungles. C’est un grand peintre français, né en 1844 et mort en 1910. NOTE: For analysis of works by naif painters Gypsy is stunning in the simplicity of it's composition and the subtlity Arguably the greatest exponent of naive (naif) or primitive art, the self-taught French painter Henri Rousseau ("Le Douanier") was derided by art critics but much admired by other modern artists, including the colourist Henri Matisse, the Post-Impressionist Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec and the Cubist Robert Delaunay, as well as Pablo Picasso who championed the strong colour and child-like simplicity of his … During his term of service he met soldiers who had survived the French expedition to Mexico (1862–65) in support of Emperor Maximilian, and he listened with fascination to their recollections. and in their detailed descriptiveness. Il est considéré comme un représentant majeur de l'art naïf. Kandinsky called Rousseau painting. MAIN A-Z INDEX - A-Z of ARTISTS. He worked slowly and carefully, Le personnage de la toile tient une palette et un pinceau. • Studio Work Omissions? Le peintre s'y représente vêtu de noir, avec une certaine élégance, sa barbe étant taillée d'une manière choisie, il arbore également des favoris. Il connut un grand succès au Salon des indépendants en 1886, avec sa première œuvre se nommant "Un soir au carnaval". WORLD'S GREATEST ART of Modern Art, New York) is a memory-image of his first love reclining Landscapes were not based (as he claimed) on his mythical Mexican experiences, Get exclusive access to content from our 1768 First Edition with your subscription. Standing in the foreground, palette in hand, Rousseau is surrounded by the Parisian landscape, which is painted with great accuracy. Henri Julien Félix Rousseau (French: [ɑ̃ʁi ʒyljɛ̃ feliks ʁuso]; 21 May 1844 – 2 September 1910) was a French post-impressionist painter in the Naïve or Primitive manner. For an explanation of the Passionné de peinture, Henri Rousseau ne vivait pas de son art, mais exerçait le métier de douanier. Il fait des études de droit avant de partir pour Paris ou il occupe un poste de douane, ce qui lui vaut l’appellation de Douanier Rousseau. of images such as The Sleeping Gypsy (1897), which is now one of In spite of this auspicious beginning, Rousseau’s work still went largely unnoticed, except for the consistent ridicule of the critics, for the next seven years. • Biography • Collections. His wife, who had been ill for some time, died in 1888, and within several years he lost all of his family except for a daughter, whom he sent to live with relatives. in the Franco-Prussian War (1870-1), as he later claimed to have done. This was obviously intended as a “portrait of the artist” in the academic tradition; the seriousness of purpose is impressive in spite of the naiveté of execution. La reconnaissance de l'avant-garde. However Henri Rousseau aussi appelé Le Douanier Rousseau est un peintre français, considéré comme un représentant majeur de l'art naïf. Issu d'une famille modeste, il étudie le droit avant de partir à Paris, où il travaille dans un octroi. C'est ce qui lui vaut son surnom de Douanier. Salon des Independants and child-like simplicity of his primitive landscape By Henri Rousseau. favourites of the day. Rousseau possède le sens de la composition et ses maladresses sont compensées par la remarquable justesse chromatique de ses tableaux. see: Best Portrait Artists. Henri Rousseau (le Douanier) French On view at The Met Fifth Avenue in Gallery 911 Rousseau identified the subject of this painting in a handwritten note, affixed to its stretcher, dated 1909, the year he consigned it for sale to the dealer Ambroise Vollard. Comme dans les tableaux du Douanier Rousseau, Y a des perroquets bleus qui boivent du lait de coco, Comme dans les tableaux du Douanier Rousseau, Y a des poissons tropicaux pleins de piquants sur le dos, Comme dans les tableaux du Douanier Rousseau, Y a des soleils de feu cachés dans les roseaux, Comme dans les tableaux du Douanier Rousseau, On peut lire, sur la palette, les prénoms « Clém… Henri Rousseau—known as Le Douanier Rousseau (1844–1910). he resigned this post, took odd jobs such as painting inn-signs and devoted He once POST-IMPRESSIONISTS applying many layers of paint and exotic jewel-like colour, and had a Henri Rousseau (le Douanier) French On view at The Met Fifth Avenue in Gallery 825 This work was probably shown in the Salon d'Automne of 1907, but it treats a theme that Rousseau first explored in Surprised! Entirely self-taught as an artist, Rousseau did not in fact turn to art important work of French Robert Delaunay, as well as Pablo Our editors will review what you’ve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. which duly triggered a wave of intellectual interest in the Rousseau's Customs Officer Still, his only great gift was for painting. Be on the lookout for your Britannica newsletter to get trusted stories delivered right to your inbox. Henri "Le Douanier" Rousseau was born on May 21st in Laval, France, son of a local tinsmith. The beautiful multi-coloured figure of the gypsy sleeps Henri Rousseau n'est pas un peintre comme les autres. Sous un éclatant clair de lune, émergeant au milieu de fleurs géantes et d’une épaisse jungle verdoyante, une odalisque se prélasse. Henri Rousseau For the greatest view painters, see: Henri Rousseau was a French painter born on 21 May 1844 in Laval who died on 2 September 1910 in Paris. In 1886 he exhibited some of his first paintings, not at the official Salon, which would never have admitted a painter of such naiveté, but at the Salon des Indépendants; this annual exhibition was established by young painters to allow themselves and others a chance to exhibit free from the narrow official Salon requirements of style and subject matter. with the Ecole de Paris, (1891, National Gallery, London); The Monkeys (1906, Philadelphia of the world's best art museums, including In fact, he never left France. All rights reserved. that of a primitive or "Sunday Painter", his own pretensions Henri ROUSSEAU (dit Le douanier Rousseau) La cascade, 1910 Plus Voici les ~ Oeuvres contenant le mot henri, rousseau Voici les ~ Oeuvres contenant le mot henri, rousseau Henri ROUSSEAU Cheval attaqué par un jaguar, 1910 (Détail) told Picasso that they were the only great contemporary artists, "I Painters. https://www.britannica.com/biography/Henri-Rousseau, The Art Story - Biography of Henri Rousseau, Henri Rousseau - Student Encyclopedia (Ages 11 and up). Il a lair sérieux. From customs officer to painter. Il porte une décoration : les palmes académiques (données aux artistes par un ministre) et en est fier. Working as a bureaucrat and busy with family affairs, he still somehow found time to draw and paint. Picasso hosted a dinner in the painter's honour in 1908, His earliest known works are local views • For more information about modern art, see: Homepage. By signing up for this email, you are agreeing to news, offers, and information from Encyclopaedia Britannica. of its execution. Rousseau's famous jungle scenes and exotic See: Post-Impressionist • Salon des Independants • Primitivism After exhibiting with the Fauves in 1905, he gained the admiration of avant-garde artists. Il s’agit d’Henri Rousseau, plus connu sous le nom de « Douanier Rousseau ». By Henri Rousseau. Il contrôlait les aliments à l’entrée de Paris. Henri rousseau était autodidacte et faisait rire par ses créations maladroites et ses perspectives mal conçues . Henri Rousseau est un peintre français né le 21 mai 1844 à Laval et mort le 2 septembre 1910 à Paris. For top creative practitioners, see: Born in Laval, in the west of France, Henri Rousseau (1844-1910) joined the army and then worked as a tax collector in the Paris Excise Office, hence his nickname of Douanier (customs officer). Il se veut digne dans son autoportrait. • The Sleeping Gypsy 2016 - Henri Rousseau, dit Le Douanier Rousseau (Laval 1844-1910 Paris) est un peintre français. Henri Rousseau, byname le Douanier (French: “the Customs Officer”), (born May 21, 1844, Laval, France—died Sept. 2, 1910, Paris), French painter who is considered the archetype of the modern naive artist. of interpetation. He is also known as Le Douanier (the customs officer) after his place of employment. He soon entered military service, in which he remained for four years. Museum of Modern Art, New York. Articles from Britannica Encyclopedias for elementary and high school students. Best Artists of All Time. the author of "new, greater reality", the complementary pole Equally, During this period he exhibited some 20 paintings at the Salon des Indépendants, but he remained essentially an amateur, dividing his time among painting, work at the toll house, and family life. The design of Rousseau’s painting, however, is effectively poetic, and he achieved a striking quality of atmosphere and mood through his accurate and sensitive observation of the colours of the evening. "The Customs Officer", rather overstates his office). Son œuvre très ambitieuse, qui recouvre aussi bien le genre historique que le portrait et le paysage, est peuplée de visions exotiques dont la poésie a séduit des personnalités comme André Breton, Pablo Picasso, Alfred Jarry ou Félix Vallotton. and the greatest of the naive or primitive painters. Issu d'une famille modeste, il étudie le droit avant de partir à Paris et travailler à l'octroioù il occupe un poste de commis de deuxième classe, dans le cadre duquel il contrôle les entrées de boissons alcoolisées à Paris. In that free, juryless exhibition, he Le Douanier appréciait davantage les peintres de l'académisme, comme Bouguereau ou Gérôme, que les impressionnistes. For the best works, see: One of his last works, The Dream (1910; Museum • For more biographies of Art Brut Le peintre Henri Rousseau dit « le Douanier Rousseau » (1844-1910) est considéré comme un représentant majeur de l'art naïf. Il fut surnommé le « Douanier » en raison de sa profession, bien éloignée du monde de l’art. Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec and the Cubist but also alarmingly direct, and real, and the image works on both levels If you would like to have a work of art by Le Douanier Rousseau appraised, our experts will take care of everything. found: Artcyclopedia, Oct. 28, 2004 (Henri Rousseau; French Post-Impressionist Painter, 1844-1910; slso known as: Le douanier Rousseau; not to be confused with Orientalist painter Henri Emilien Rousseau … painting. But such seemingly direct reportage at a price of 200 francs, but his offer was rejected as the painting was Henri Julien Felix Rousseau (May 21, 1844 - September 2, 1910) was a French Post-Impressionist painter in the Naive or Primitive manner. Primitivism One of Rousseau's best known pictures which Henri Rousseau (Henri Julien Félix Rousseau) aussi appelé Le Douanier Rousseau (né le 21 mai 1844 à Laval dans la maison familiale et mort le 2 septembre 1910, de gangrène à la jambe, à l'hôpital Necker à Paris) est un peintre français, considéré comme un représentant majeur de l'art naïf. was followed by inventive, imaginative, and dream-like works. or from dolls and toys (for example, Merry Jesters, 1906; Philadelphia His first known work is Landscape With Although his work was Le web documentaire du mois. the world's most popular posters of modern The majority were landscape paintings and portraits. The Frenchman Henri (Le Douanier) Rousseau {roo-soh'}, b.May 21, 1844, d. Sept. 2, 1910, having spent most of his life as a customs inspector (or douanier), devoted himself to painting upon his retirement and became the most distinguished primitive artist of the modern era. Il est considéré comme le chef de file de l’art naïf. in the modern manner and you in the Egyptian.". Henri (Le Douanier) Rousseau (1844-1910) in his studio at rue Perrel, Paris, 1907 by Dornac. artists, see: Famous Painters. © visual-arts-cork.com. of the "new and greater abstraction". Henri Rousseau (Le Douanier, 1844-1910) War Circa 1894 Oil on canvas H. 114; W. 195 cm ... La Guerre [War] More than twenty years after the Franco-Prussian conflict of 1870 and the Commune in 1871 when the Douanier Rousseau painted War, he was still very much affected by these events. (for instance, of the customs house), naive in their perception of reality Biography of Le Douanier, French Primitive Henri Rousseau, Le Rêve 1910, huile sur toile, 204,5 x 298,5 cm, New York, The Museum of Modern Art / Henri Rousseau Commencez votre journée en découvrant une œuvre d'art ! The Sleeping Gypsy considered "too childish". Best Landcape Artists. Its power and conviction, its This period of personal hardship was also a period of increased artistic activity for Rousseau. ENCYCLOPEDIA OF VISUAL ARTISTS Arguably the greatest exponent of naive A masterpiece of naive art and an obsessed he was with exact and particular detail, he was able to control He never in fact went to Mexico or served • Customs Officer the self-taught French painter Henri Rousseau ("Le Douanier") D’où son surnom ! Henri Rousseau est un peintre français autodidacte, c'est-à-dire qu'il a appris seul à peindre. by other modern artists, including Au début du 20 e siècle, un étrange artiste apparaît dans le milieu de la peinture. The picture is intensely surreal and dreamlike, 1910. of 1891 (National Gallery, London). Picasso who championed the strong colour Museum of Art); The Snake Charmer (1907, Musee d'Orsay); and The above all was a complete confidence in the value of his painting. In 1869, he settled in Paris, where he eventually obtained a post as gatekeeper Their descriptions of the subtropical country were doubtless the first inspiration for the exotic landscapes that later became one of his major themes. the National Gallery London (Tiger in a Tropical Storm, 1891), peacefully, watched over by a lion, and the whole scene is bathed in the Rousseau, the son of a tinsmith, came from a modest background. WORLDS TOP ARTISTS Naif Painter. Paintings (1800-2000). were to rival the Salon Also revealed, however, was his intense desire to express himself artistically; he even attempted to compose music. *“We are the two great painters of this era; you are in the Egyptian style, I in the modern style.” to Pablo Picasso des Independants in 1884. the colourist Henri Matisse, the Post-Impressionist Rousseau remains the first 13 juil. showed between three and ten paintings almost every year from 1886 to of poster art. Art: Definition and Meaning. Rousseau’s enthusiasm for the fair was so great that he wrote a vaudeville play entitled A Visit to the Exposition of 1889, which he did not succeed in having produced. It is now one of the best-loved examples He was considered to … hunters, and dark-skinned natives - were reproduced from photographs, The approach to representation that he employed in this work is typical of “naive art.” Everything is literally and deliberately drawn—every branch of the trees is traced, the clouds have a curious solidity, and greater attention is paid to the details of costume than to the figures themselves. He is known for his richly coloured and meticulously detailed pictures of lush jungles, wild beasts, and exotic figures. La peinture d'Henri Rousseau semble à contre-courant. Associated Face à elle, deux lions médusés, un flûtiste en pagne multicolore, un serpent dressé, un éléphant aux aguets et de majestueux oiseaux exotiques. Henri Rousseau est un artiste autodidacte qui a produit énormément de toiles représentant la jungle même s’il n’a jamais quitté la France. like Henri (Le Douanier) Rousseau, please see: Analysis of Modern Henri Rousseau, byname le Douanier (French: “the Customs Officer”), (born May 21, 1844, Laval, France—died Sept. 2, 1910, Paris), French painter who is considered the archetype of the modern naive artist. Lorsquil peint ce tableau, il a 46 ans. Museum of Art). Après ses études, il travaille à l'octroide Paris. more time to his own painting. - Henri Rousseau (Henri Julien Félix Rousseau) dit Le Douanier Rousseau (né le 21 mai 1844 à Laval dans la maison familiale et mort le 2 septembre 1910, de gangrène à la jambe, à l'hôpital Necker à Paris) est un peintre français, considéré comme un représentant majeur de l'art naïf. Son travail est considéré comme précurseur et a inspiré beaucoup d’artistes, surtout les surré… The picture with which Rousseau made his debut at the Salon des Indépendants, Carnival Evening (1886), was a masterpiece of its kind and an impressive beginning for the artist. Aujourd'hui, avec le Rêve, une icône du Surréalisme, partez en exploration dans les jungles imaginaires du Douanier Rousseau, mort le 2 septembre 1910. He was a mediocre student, and he left the secondary school in Laval without having completed his studies. Please select which sections you would like to print: Corrections? The most important work of this period in Rousseau’s career is his self-portrait, Myself: Portrait-Landscape (1890). Museum of Modern Art, New York. (naif) or primitive art, Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). terminology, see: Art New York (The Sleeping Gypsy, 1897; The Dream, 1910),

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